LaCr0.7Fe0.3O3-NiMn2O4 supported NTC composite ceramics with a sandwich-like structure

A novel sandwich-like structure was first proposed to adjust the electrical properties of NTC thermistors. The LaCr_0.7Fe_0.3O₃-NiMn₂O₄ supported composite ceramics with sandwich-like structure were initially fabricated via traditional solid-state reaction and uniaxial pressing methods, which allowed for the advantages of each component to be integrated into one material. X-Ray diffraction analysis indicates the ceramics mainly consisting of orthorhombic perovskite LaCr_0.7Fe_0.3O₃ and cubic spinel NiMn₂O₄ phases. SEM images manifest that the three layers adhered well to each other and exhibited high density. For electrical properties, the ρ_25°C was expanded to a wide range of 1182–110,233 Ω?cm and could be adjusted to the desired values by tuning the volume ratio of two basic layers, the B value was enhanced from 3358 K to 4167 K by NiMn₂O₄, and the thermal stability was improved by LaCr_0.7Fe_0.3O₃ with a resistance shift less than 0.55 % after annealing at 150 °C for 1500 h.     

政策工具视角下城市水系统全周期管理策略研究

我国城市水系统管理职能条块分割、规划协调不足、精细程度不够等现象突出."全周期管理"可以从全要素、全过程、全场景等角度,以系统化思维解决城市水系统综合管理,增强城市水系统韧性和弹性.基于政策工具视角建立了包含战略面、供给面、需求面、环境面和评估面政策的城市水系统全周期管理整体性框架,并从机构统筹、规划引领、智慧监管等方面提出实施机制建议,为实现城市水系统的全要素管控、全流程监督、跨区域协同、分层次治理提供理论依据.     

NaCl盐溶液对珊瑚钙质砂导热系数的影响试验研究

作为海岛工程的常用建筑材料,珊瑚钙质砂在海水环境中的热传导特性变化是一个值得关注的问题.基于热探针法测定模拟海水作用试验条件下珊瑚钙质砂的导热系数变化特征,探讨了盐溶液浓度、盐溶液含量、浸泡养护时间等因素对钙质砂导热系数的影响规律.试验结果表明:(1)珊瑚钙质砂导热系数λ值随着NaCl盐溶液浓度M、浸泡养护时间T的增加分别递减,减少幅度逐渐变缓;(2)NaCl盐溶液含量ω极大地影响着珊瑚钙质砂导热系数λ的变化,λ值随ω值的增加而递增,二者具有较好的指数增长关系;(3)上述规律发生的本质原因在于室温下NaCl盐溶液的导热系数λ小于蒸馏水的导热系数λ值,且前者的λ值随着盐溶液浓度M的增加而递减;(4)考虑NaCl盐溶液作用(海水环境)下珊瑚钙质砂导热系数λ的计算模型具有很好的适用性.     

Investigation on the anti-reduction mechanism of Ti4+ in high dielectric constant system Ca0.9La0.067TiO3 by doping with Al2O3

Ca_0.9La_0.067TiO₃ (abbreviated as CLT) ceramics doped with different amount of Al₂O₃ were prepared via the solid state reaction method. The anti-reduction mechanism of Ti⁴⁺ in CLT ceramics was carefully investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the phase composition and lattice structure. Meanwhile, the Rietveld method was taken to calculate the lattice parameters. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to study the valence variation of Ti ions in CLT ceramics without and with Al₂O₃. The results showed that Al³⁺ substituted for Ti⁴⁺ to form solid solution and the solid solubility limit of Al³⁺ is near 1.11 mol%. Furthermore, the reduction of Ti⁴⁺ in CLT ceramics was restrained by acceptor doping process and the Q × f values of CLT ceramics were improved significantly. The CLT ceramic doped with 1.11 mol% Al₂O₃ exhibited good microwave dielectric properties: ε_r = 141, Q × f = 6848 GHz, τ_f = 576 ppm/°C.     

4种胡桃科坚果中氨基酸和脂肪酸组成分析与营养评价

为对我国不同种类胡桃科坚果的高阶营养(氨基酸和脂肪酸组成)进行比较和评价,选取产自浙江、安徽、甘肃、陕西、四川、新疆6省的4种胡桃科坚果(普通核桃(Juglans regia Linn.)、泡核桃(Juglans sigillata Dode)、山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)、薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch)),参照国标方法对其氨基酸与脂肪酸组成进行分析,利用必需氨基酸指数、氨基酸匹配度与平衡度评价、氨基酸比值系数评价法和脂肪酸指数评价法分别对氨基酸与脂肪酸组成进行营养评价。结果表明,泡核桃与普通核桃总氨基酸含量较高,4种坚果中必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的1/3左右,总氨基酸与必需氨基酸含量呈正相关关系。非必需氨基酸中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸含量较高。新疆阿克苏泡核桃在必需氨基酸指数与氨基酸匹配度的评价结果中为最优,4种胡桃科坚果氨基酸平衡度较为相近。氨基酸比值系数评价法显示浙江临安山核桃最优,新疆阿克苏泡核桃次之。4种胡桃科坚果中山核桃和薄壳山核桃中油酸含量较高;泡核桃和普通核桃中亚油酸含量较高。研究结果为胡桃科坚果的育种、生产与加工提供了一定的基础数据。     

污泥基生物炭处理酸性含U(Ⅵ)废水的效能与机理

通过城市污泥（SS）慢速热解制备污泥基生物炭（SSB），并研究初始pH、投加量、共存离子、吸附时间和温度等因素对SSB去除U(Ⅵ)的影响，探讨吸附动力学和吸附等温线特征。通过元素分析、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析U(Ⅵ)吸附去除的机理。结果表明SSB去除U(Ⅵ)的适宜条件为：pH=3、投加量1 g/L、吸附时间240 min；在此条件下，在温度30℃时最大吸附量为34.51 mg/g。吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型；Langmuir吸附等温模型能更好描述生物炭对U(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。U(Ⅵ)吸附去除机理主要包括静电作用，与Si—O—Si的n-π相互作用，与羟基（—OH）、羧基（—COOH）的配位络合。通过5次吸附-解吸试验发现，U(Ⅵ)去除率和SSB再生率均在80%以上。本研究表明污泥基生物炭具备处理与修复酸性含U(Ⅵ)废水污染的潜力。